Queen Henrietta Maria was the daughter of Henry IV of France (1553-1610) and his second wife, Marie de Medici (1573-1642). She also was the sister of Louis XIII (1601-1643) of France. Of her nine children, three died in infancy. In 1644, Henrietta Maria left England for France. Her husband was beheaded in 1649. After restoration of the monarchy in 1660, her son, Charles II ruled Great Britain and Ireland from 1660 to 1685; and her son, James II ruled from 1685 to 1688.
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